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 20170605《靜思妙蓮華》方便說三 一乘真實 (第1102集) (法華經•化城喻品第七)

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20170605《靜思妙蓮華》方便說三 一乘真實   (第1102集)  (法華經•化城喻品第七) Empty
發表主題: 20170605《靜思妙蓮華》方便說三 一乘真實 (第1102集) (法華經•化城喻品第七)   20170605《靜思妙蓮華》方便說三 一乘真實   (第1102集)  (法華經•化城喻品第七) Empty周一 6月 05, 2017 12:57 am

20170605《靜思妙蓮華》方便說三 一乘真實  (第1102集)
(法華經•化城喻品第七)

 
「諸佛平等之大慧,即一切無上正覺。法華經方便品:如來所以出,為說佛慧故。今緣已熟,為說佛慧無邊際。」
《法華經》二十八品中第二品之名,說三乘方便,一乘真實者,故名方便。
〈譬喻品〉:佛為中根之人,於上法說周中不悟,更作三車一車說。初許三車,是施權;後等賜大車,是顯實。即〈譬喻品〉中所談說火宅之譬喻,以化中根之一周。
〈信解品〉:中根之人,初聞〈方便品〉之法說,雖虛心信受,然未能悟其意,世尊為於上〈譬喻品〉,廣引三車一車之譬,而說會三歸一之旨。於是須菩提、迦旃延、迦葉、目連四大聲聞,始領悟其旨,欲述其領悟之旨,說長者窮子喻。
「故以方便力,為息說涅槃,言汝等苦滅,所作皆已辦,既知到涅槃,皆得阿羅漢,爾乃集大眾,為說真實法。」《法華經化城喻品第七》
「諸佛方便力,分別說三乘,唯有一佛乘,息處故說二,今為汝說實,汝所得非滅,為佛一切智,當發大精進。」《法華經化城喻品第七
唯有一佛乘,息處故說二:其實唯有一佛妙乘,為息疲勞,說有大小。即前:為止息故說二涅槃。
今為汝說實,汝所得非滅:佛今為汝說於實道,汝昔所得阿羅漢果,但是權施,非真實滅。
 
 
【證嚴上人開示】

「諸佛平等之大慧,即一切無上正覺。法華經方便品:如來所以出,為說佛慧故。今緣已熟,為說佛慧無邊際。」
 
諸佛平等之大慧
即一切無上正覺
法華經方便品
如來所以出
為說佛慧故
今緣已熟
為說佛慧無邊際
 
也就是說,佛是以平等大智慧,就是一切無上正覺,這是佛陀的智慧,無上正等正覺,希望能夠讓眾生與佛同等的智慧,與佛同樣,虛空法界一切道理,我們都能了解;心包太虛,心靈很開闊,不會受凡夫俗事,很多來污、染煩惱我們的心。
 
這是佛陀希望人人,心靈境界與佛同等。(能如)佛陀正遍知覺,這是佛對眾生的期待。所以四十多年說法,真的是很辛苦,歲月不留人,人會老,歲月也這樣流逝過去,四十多年後,弟子接受的佛法到底有多深呢?到底了解有多廣呢?其實佛陀內心也是很著急,真正要指導人人到佛的境界,中間還有一段很長的路,這段很長的路,過程如果不走過,無法到佛的境界。不過,時間無法停留,所以佛陀知道時間,現在應該要趧緊,《法華經》要呈現在,人人的面前,雖然知道,還有很多人無法接受,也體會不到,不過,無奈時間過,所以不得不開始,講說《法華經》。
 
從〈序品〉開始,佛陀講《法華經》以前,講《無量義經》,就是這段路,《無量義經》完全教說菩薩道。話是這樣說過了,大家是不是有聽進去呢?佛說《無量義經》已,就靜坐了,這是在〈序品〉裡。靜坐一段時間,長啊,大家面面相觀,平常佛若是講經完,大家作禮而退,表示佛陀這部經,已經告一段落了,大家能頂禮,作禮而去,就能夠離開。
 
但是這次不是,佛陀似乎這次的形象,與過去不同,講完了《無量義經》,就地這樣就入定,發光,照萬八千世界,這個光耀就這樣一直散發出去,這是人人心靈的境界。看到佛陀坐著很莊嚴,三十二相,發出這分讓人,人人內心起了那分尊重、敬愛這分心,到底佛接下來,要再開示嗎?入定多久會再出定呢?大家捨不得離開,就坐在那個地方。不過,人人心中有疑,到底佛是不是出定,會,要講說的是什麼法?讓大家的心攝住了,攝住了大家的心,捨不得離開,但是心有起疑,懷疑的是佛陀應該還有法,還沒講完,佛陀應該接下來還有法要講。
 
所以這是大家心中有這個疑問,所以彼此之間互相問:「佛陀是不是還能繼續說法,是不是呢?」「我也不知道,好像佛陀法還沒說完。」就是這樣,久久的時間。文殊、彌勒,彌勒代表大家疑問的心,來請示文殊,這就是在〈序品〉,文殊菩薩與彌勒菩薩對唱,這段時間也很長。講到(最後的)日月燈明佛,很長很長的時間,在他的道場也一樣有八王子,那時候,也是,經文也是很長,佛還是在定中。等到佛出定時,開始要向大家說話,開始就要進入〈方便品〉,所以《法華經》的〈方便品〉,裡面有這樣一段(經)文,就是說「如來所以出,為說佛慧故」,今緣已熟,為說佛慧無邊際,在〈方便品〉裡頭有這一段。佛陀開始出現人間,就是為一大事,這一大事的因緣,就是為了要說佛的智慧。佛的智慧有多高,有多深,有多廣,在〈方便品〉裡用很多很多,來譬喻佛陀的智慧。
 
要講佛陀的智慧,就要叫大家要深生信受,大家應該要相信,佛的智慧是甚深、難測,真的深啊!深到難測,法是很深,廣,廣到無邊際。講出了佛陀的智慧種種,但是大家聽不懂。佛陀用方便譬喻,佛的智慧有多深、多廣、多高,至高無上,就是要讓大家從內心起那分信仰,而且要尊重佛的智慧。
 
這當中,大家還是同樣聽不懂,這種佛慧深遠,一切智、自然智等等,道種智,很多,一路走過來的智慧很長,卻是人人無法體會。就如人間事,要說人間事如何能說得盡呢?所了解的人間,世間的苦難,就是人與人之間所造作的煩惱,佛陀了解了,這煩惱的結成,會變成什麼樣的因、什麼樣的緣,「如是因,如是緣」。只是要跟大家說「如是因」,這個人人心所起的煩惱,那個種子的源頭,「如是因」,要解釋到底,種類之多啊!就是「如是因」,才會結成了,人與人之間的「如是緣」。
 
緣,各種的因緣,要如何來解釋?如何來譬喻呢?很開闊,佛陀還是要方便譬喻解釋,解釋這麼多,我們聽得懂嗎?在聽,知道,了解嗎?一知半解啊!如是因,如是果,有了這個因,所以造作的結果是這樣,因,善因、惡因,惹來了很的緣來結合,成就這個果。你們聽懂嗎?也是知道,但是還不很透徹了解。再跟你們說,因為這個果,所感受來的就是這樣的報。人生,這麼多種類的人生,各人的環境,各人不同,從出生,到成長的這個時間裡,環境的變遷、無常的變化,人在這樣的環境中生活長大。我們會常常聽到,「我們過去,早期,我們的家庭,生活是多麼難過呢!」「我的父親,我的母親,那個時候,那個時代,是多麼刻苦耐勞啊!」很多,光是這種「我小時候的環境」就聽不完了。
 
各人不同的環境,有人家庭環境很好,但是現在的人生怎樣的變化,一直到現在,來敘述過去,也是人人、家家都有他們的因、緣、果,這個感受,各人的各人一個家庭,多少兄弟,兄弟各人,同一個家庭、同一對父母這樣生,卻是各人長大了,各人造作事業、生活,成家立業,就各人不同了。就如這樣,一顆種子種下去,成了很多的果,果在不同的環境、不同的地方,所成長的又是不同的結果,有的果好,有的果不好,有的果很豐富,有的果很枯萎等等,這都是各人不同。
 
所以,人生光要說因與緣,因與果,果與報,這種因緣果報觀,在佛陀的腦海中,是那麼明朗清楚,要讓這麼多人,人人能夠去了解,是多麼不容易啊!任憑佛陀愈是清楚的法,要說得再清楚讓大家聽,越是深,人愈聽不了解。所以說,「斯人飲水,冷暖自知」。這杯水在佛陀喝下來,他無法讓大家,我喝的水是你們能感覺的,佛陀只能自己喝的水,是甜的、是苦的、是澀的,唯有佛自己知道。
 
他知道之後要跟大家說,「這杯水甜的」,但是大家知道,「我很渴,我需要水,這杯甜的水,我如果能喝到。」佛陀願意,「你就是要喝這樣的水,來,水在前面,你可以喝。」卻是,各人到底是用多大的容器,裝這水來喝呢?喝這個水有什麼感覺嗎?喝這個水,同樣的水,對你身體的作用,量足夠嗎?有過度,或不夠嗎?或者是那個感覺,喝水是這樣灌下去而已,就這樣排泄掉,或者是水喝下去,在我們的身體有發揮效用,讓我們的身體有水分,供應身體健康。
 
這也就是佛陀來人間,要提供很多的法水給我們,到底我們的體質,是不是堪得受這樣的水量呢?這樣的水量,你是不是有感覺:感覺這水喝,對你,是不是歡喜感恩的心,來喝這杯水呢?或者是什麼都沒感覺,大家在喝,我就跟人家喝,時間到我就是喝,這樣而已,沒有感覺,沒有感受。喝水之後,只不過在這個身體的需要,這樣很快排泄掉,沒感覺到水分,在我們的身體裡的作用。法也是一樣,一直在聽法,就是這樣聽,就是這樣過,每天都是聽,卻是每天我們自己的習氣,也是還沒有辦法,改變我們的習氣,這就是凡夫鈍劣。
 
佛陀儘管很用心,出世為說佛慧,希望佛的智慧與大家分享。人人本具與佛同等的智慧,偏偏我們就是不用心去體會。智慧與外面的境界,所接受來的法,我們就是沒有用它,所以我們會一直,停滯在凡夫的境界,停滯在我們沒有受用。法,明明我們有吸收,但我們沒有拿出來應用,沒受用,佛陀要不斷不斷啟發我們,所以用這麼長的時間來説法。「今因緣已熟」,因緣已熟就是時間已經到了,剩下沒多少時間,所以「為說佛法無邊際」。明知眾生還無法堪受,要啟發他能發大心、立大願,還無法堪受,但是不得不說,時間就是這樣流逝過去了,這個時候不得不說。所以「為說佛慧無邊際」,因緣已經是這樣到了,不能不說,佛的智慧還是要說,所以才會在〈方便品〉中,一直一直繞在佛的智慧,到底有多深,有多廣,有多長,這全都是佛陀的用心。不過,偏偏在〈方便品〉,就是那麼深,深到佛陀的隨身大弟子,也是大家還無法了解。
 
所以《法華經》,才會這麼長,《法華經》總共有二十八品,第二品的名稱,就是叫做〈方便品〉。
 
法華經二十八品中
第二品之名
說三乘方便
一乘真實者
故名方便
 
〈方便品〉就是,「說三乘方便」,向我們分析我們的根機。所以佛用什麼樣的法,用「九部法」,為我們慢慢地分析,讓我們知道「阿含」時代就是,所講的都是因緣法,要讓大家了解,苦的源頭是如何來,大家瞭解是苦。這這也常常在說,常常在說,大家是不是常常聽進去,了解這個苦到底有多少?什麼樣的因、什麼樣的緣,如何結成苦。
 
在現代社會很多苦難人,這些苦難人,看到的貧窮苦難,我們慈濟人見苦知福,去看了之後,轉變自己。「過去我這樣地浪費,我懺悔。」看到人這樣這麼貧困,「過去我的放蕩,我很懺悔,時間浪費,這樣消磨時間。」看到這樣的人,身體殘障,很近地要拿一杯水來喝都不方便,生活過得這樣的苦,自己好手好腳,身體健康,為何浪費這麼多的時間,這樣浪費掉呢?開始發心,投入了慈濟,行菩薩道。
 
類似這樣,這種種的苦,我們在人與人之間,這很粗相,我們看得到、感覺得到,啟發我們的心,但是那個更微細的法,這個人過去怎樣的因緣,今生此世,聽他講的事相,這輩子是這樣的因,變成這樣的果,但是他不只是今生此世的,因與果而已,他的過去生,過去生若沒這樣的因與緣,哪有今天這麼苦難的,結果的感受,感受就是報,這我們就不知道了。只是知道他這輩子是這樣,我們自己也不知道我們的過去。不過,今生此世,我們有這個因緣,與苦難人這樣來接觸,我們了解了,啟發我們的心,我們就要趕緊用心去做。這就是佛陀要讓我們知道,你過去的法,「苦」你要知道,「集」你要了解,我們要用方法,要如何消滅我們這種種的苦難,唯有你現在,要多結善緣、造福業,轉你的心境,這樣,過去、現在所「集」的種種,放寬吧,轉惡緣為善緣,這就是「滅」。
 
過去我看到你不歡喜,你看到我就避開,我現在知道了,我有看到你,你要避開我,我趕緊追上你,牽著你的手,跟你說:「我過去有錯誤,現在我們將過去,那段不愉快的事情,我們講清楚,我向你道歉。過去我們過去了,現在我們是好朋友。」這樣就解冤釋結了。
 
過去不愉快的化消了,各人的心結也解開了,這就是「滅」,滅掉了我們這種,過去互相所結不歡喜的緣,再帶到來生來世。我們現在懂得學佛,了解佛所告訴我們的法,「滅」就要在現在人群中,不離人群,自己自我修行,去改變我們自己。修行不離人群中,你不能逃避,逃避,怨還是怨存在,今生雖然沒有再結惡緣,但是過去的未解,同樣緣還在,這叫做塵沙。久久的時間,來生來世,這個因又跑出來,因是很微細,塵沙,緣再牽絆著,我們就又是在生死無明中。
 
佛陀要我們入人群,所以他現在從小乘、中乘,佛陀一轉要入一乘真實,這就是要經過方便法。很多過去我們都不知道,現在知道了,所以知道之後,我們要趕緊身體力行。佛陀說很長的時間,中根的人,那就是從上面的法不了解,來到〈譬喻品〉,了解了。
 
譬喻品:
佛為中根之人
於上法說周中不悟
更作三車一車說
初許三車是施權
後等賜大車是顯實
即譬喻品中
所談說火宅之譬喻
以化中根之一周
 
如舍利弗他都了解了,所以佛陀在這個地方說三車,火宅很危險,呼籲大家趕緊出來,很危險的地方,我們要趕緊出離。但是大家還是聽不懂,所以他就用誘引的方式,這也是方便。三車,最後向大家解釋,這三車之中,牛車裡有很多很堂皇,有很多寶物在裡面,你們若進入牛車,應有盡有,隨心所欲,你全都能得到。大家聽到這樣,放棄了羊車、鹿車,趣向大白牛車。
 
開始說三車,但是最後還是鼓勵大家,要去(選)大型車,裡面很豐富,這就是顯實。在〈譬喻品〉,這樣很豐富的法讓我們了解,談出了火宅,說出未來眾生所造作的業。過去所造,佛陀時代的未來,就是我們現在,火宅很危險,四面火起了,還有很多人在裡面,這樣遊戲作樂,在玩火,現在現代的時間不就是這樣嗎?
 
在三十一(日)晚上,那就是跨年夜,到元旦的凌晨這樣狂歡,就是這樣大家玩啊,放煙火,明知煙火不只是貴,又是排碳,是很污染,但是明知,儘管全球元首,到法國開會(聯合國氣候變遷會議),但是明知,還是一樣,幾個國家也是這樣,光說臺灣,也是啊,放煙火。一個煙火瞬間就要用多少錢,而且排碳也很多。
 
煙火放完,大家要回去,看到新聞報導,光是在臺北市,三百多萬人(次),都各人要搭車回去等等,卻在是那裡等不到車,車要出去、車要開等等,都是在那個地方排碳。多少人潮囤積在那裡,想想看,這不就是在玩火嗎?火宅,明知(危險),但是就是這樣過日子。
 
所以,佛陀在那個時代,談起了火宅譬喻,這就是在說我們現在。這就是要教化中根的人,這樣說一周。從〈方便品〉而〈譬喻品〉,這樣一圈回來,就是讓大家了解。但是真正了解的,一個人,舍利弗,所以佛陀為他授記。
 
〈信解品〉,大家還記得,因為舍利弗已經受記了,有四大弟子,他們看到舍利弗了解,已經得佛授記。
 
信解品:
中根之人
初聞方便品之法說
雖虛心信受
然未能悟其意
世尊為於上譬喻品
廣引三車一車之譬
而說會三歸一之旨
於是須菩提、
迦旃延、迦葉、
目連四大聲聞
始領悟其旨
欲述其領悟之旨
說長者窮子喻
 
中根之人聽到〈方便品〉的法,雖然是虛心信受,雖然打開了心門要完全來接受,但是未能悟其意。只是知道了、知道了,佛陀雖然講〈方便品〉,說這麼廣的智慧,一直交代大家要相信,雖然大家願意相信,不過仍是還不是很了解佛的心意,到底智慧高到什麼程度,無法了解。所以世尊為了這樣,前面大家還不很了解,所以他才要再用〈譬喻品〉,用〈譬喻品〉,很開闊來譬喻,一直譬喻到三車。
 
〈譬喻品〉說很多,毒獸等等,最後的結束就是以三車,這樣說得很開闊,引很多方式來譬喻,但是到三車,三,會三歸一。向大家說羊車、鹿車,只是載一個,裡面都沒什麼,你還是要到牛車,牛車裡面很豐富。讓大家放棄羊車、鹿車,願意接受大白牛車,這就是在〈譬喻品〉裡。
 
一直到〈信解品〉,這當中,大家已經一知半解,但是舍利弗受記了,所以這四位終於再更進一步的了解,他們願意信解,要再深入,所以將自己來譬喻貧窮子。有四位,應該大家還記得,須菩提、迦旃延、迦葉、目犍連等等,這四大聲聞已經開始領悟到了,領悟到裡面的含意,所以敘述自己所領悟那個過程。這麼長的時間,時間催人老,自己也已經老邁了,時間也已經很長了,人也年紀大了,這時候就像一位貧窮子一樣,自己譬喻如貧窮子,這樣〈信解品〉來完成。
 
佛陀如一位大長者,循循善誘,將他們引進來,讓他們了解,人人原來就擁有這麼多的財產,人人都是具足真如本性,人人都有的,這個時候大家已經了解了。
 
以上就是要再向大家敘述一次,希望大家,法已經聽到這裡,應該要了解。〈信解品〉,還有〈藥草喻品〉,現在已經是〈化城喻品〉,不要聽了過去、忘記,不可以,我們要好好用心,要不斷回顧過去。二十八品當中,我們這樣一路過來,到底佛陀這麼用心,在這因緣很急促當中,要趕緊帶我們入大菩提道,我們若不好好用心接受,我們又是白聽了、白說了,所以大家要用心。
 
經文前面的(偈)文這樣說:「故以方便力,為息說涅槃,言汝等苦滅,所作皆已辦,既知到涅槃,皆得阿羅漢,爾乃集大眾,為說真實法。」
 
故以方便力
為息說涅槃
言汝等苦滅
所作皆已辦
既知到涅槃
皆得阿羅漢
爾乃集大眾
為說真實法
《法華經化城喻品第七》
 
過去就是這樣,用種種、種種方便來誘引,大家經過這段時間,法已經接受了,該用功的也都用功了,但是到了阿羅漢這當中,大家以為這樣已經滿足了。雖然法都滿足了,但是剛才有說過,冤與結,若不解開的話,儘管我想懺悔,但那個人看到你就掉頭走了,因為他對你還有心結在,儘管我們都知道懺悔,但是沒有去表白,所以結還在。有朝一日,若是再遇到時,不小心這種還是一樣,會再牽扯回來,我們的「一念無明生三細,境界為緣長六粗」,又是去了。這不是究竟,所以佛陀趕緊集大眾來,因緣成熟了,趕緊要向大家說,「為說真實法」。所以,不是羊車、鹿車,你得到,有得玩就好,你應該要在大白牛車,裡面有這麼多寶物。在〈信解品〉,你不是貧窮,你很富有,只是你迷失,你現在趕快回來,這些財產同樣還是你的,你本來就有的。這樣告訴我們,所以我們應該要知道,我們擁有一切,擁有一切,我們要趕快進去,入大眾度眾生,行菩薩道,這是佛陀的心意與目的。
 
接下來這段(偈)文這樣說,:「諸佛方便力,分別說三乘,唯有一佛乘,息處故說二,今為汝說實,汝所得非滅,為佛一切智,當發大精進。」
 
諸佛方便力
分別說三乘
唯有一佛乘
息處故說二
今為汝說實
汝所得非滅
為佛一切智
當發大精進
《法華經化城喻品第七
 
大家若要了解佛的智慧,要趕緊精進,因為諸佛過去在度眾生,眾生迷茫,諸佛,佛佛道同,都是一樣用方便力,分別說三乘,這是一切諸佛都一樣,其實目的是要說一佛乘,但是我們無法了解,所以他就要分成三段來說。
 
「唯有一佛乘,息處故說二」。
 
唯有一佛乘
息處故說二:
其實唯有一佛妙乘
為息疲勞
說有大小
即前:
為止息故說二涅槃
 
只有一佛乘,要成佛,能與佛同等的智慧,那就是要經過,趣向在一佛乘。不是只在聲聞、緣覺,那只是讓你歇息的地方,我們要趕緊再向前走。其實只有一個一佛妙乘,真正的佛法就是只有一佛妙乘。因為大家很懈怠疲倦,所以就設一個化城說法。為了我們的根機有大小根機,所以就用這樣的方式,就是前面「為止息故,說二涅槃」,我們前面說過了。
 
所以「今為汝說實,汝所得非滅」。
 
今為汝說實
汝所得非滅:
佛今為汝說於實道
汝昔所得阿羅漢果
但是權施
非真實滅
 
現在要向你們說真實語,真的,你們到聲聞證羅漢果,用聲音聽,法入心,修行證羅漢果,這不是真實的,我老實跟你們說,前面還有空間,還有路要讓我們走,走到盡頭。所以「佛今為汝說於實道」,現在佛為你說真實法。「汝昔所得阿羅漢果,但是權施」,這只不過是施權,用「權」,方便法,這「非真實滅」,不是真的。真實解脫的法,就是大家都解冤釋結,沒有冤、沒有仇、沒有恨,彼此之間都要解除一切的煩惱、無明塵沙,哪怕是小小的都要去除。
 
所以「為佛一切智,當發大精進」。為了要求取一切智,大家應該要趕緊發心大精進,不要再停滯小步、一小步慢慢來。如果說你要改,「好啦,我會慢慢來。」慢慢來就會失去機會,慢慢來,時間是快快過,時間很快地過,我們豈能再慢慢來呢?所以,「為求佛一切智,當發大心,精進修行」。
 
我們真正要得與佛平等的智慧,唯有我們要發大心,這個地方,已經向大家很明確說出來,要發大心,大心入人群中,有冤、有緣,有緣的,我們趕緊傳法給他;有怨的,我們趕緊和他解冤釋結,若能這樣,我們才是真正真修行,真正與佛境界平等。不曉得大家能了解嗎?請大家要了解是要多用心。


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Explanations by Master Cheng-Yan
Subject: The Three Vehicles are Skillful Means (方便說三 一乘真實 )
Date: June.05.2017

“The impartial great wisdom of all Buddhas is the wisdom of supreme, perfect enlightenment. The Lotus Sutra’s Chapter on Skillful Means says, ‘The reason why the Tathagata appears is to teach Buddha-wisdom.’ Now the causes and conditions had matured for teaching the boundless Buddha-wisdom.”

This is saying that the Buddha uses impartial great wisdom, which is supreme, perfect enlightenment. This is the Buddha’s wisdom; He has supreme, universal perfect enlightenment. He hopes to help sentient beings have wisdom that is equal to the Buddha’s and, just like the Buddha, be able to understand all principles in the world. When our “hearts encompass the universe,” our minds will be open and spacious. We will not allow mundane, worldly matters to contaminate and cause afflictions in our hearts. This is the Buddha’s hope that all people’s state of mind will be equal to the Buddha’s, to His enlightenment of complete awakening. This is what the Buddha anticipates for sentient beings. So, He taught the Dharma for over 40 years. This was truly very taxing. Time waits for no one; people grow old, and the time will also pass away like this. After more than 40 years, how deep was the Dharma the disciples had accepted? How much did they really understand? The Buddha was also very worried because, to truly guide everyone to the state of Buddhahood, there was still a long path to go. On this long path, if they got stuck somewhere in the process, they would be unable to reach Buddhahood.

However, time cannot be stopped. So, the Buddha knew this was the time; He now had to quickly present the Lotus Sutra before everyone. Though He knew that many people still would be unable to accept it and unable to comprehend it, there was nothing He could do; time was passing, so He had to begin to teach the Lotus Sutra. He began with the Introductory Chapter. Before teaching the Lotus Sutra, the Buddha taught the Sutra of Infinite Meanings. This is one stage of the path. The Sutra of Infinite Meanings is completely about teaching the Bodhisattva-path. After teaching this, did everyone truly hear and take in the Dharma? After the Buddha had taught the Sutra of Infinite Meanings, He sat in meditation. This was in the Introductory Chapter. He sat in meditation for a long time. Everyone looked at each other. Usually, after the Buddha taught a sutra, everyone paid their respects and left. This showed that the Buddha had already finished teaching this sutra and everyone could pay their respects and leave. But, this time it was different. The Buddha’s appearance this time was different from before. After teaching the Sutra of Infinite Meanings, He entered Samadhi and emitted light, illuminating 18,000 worlds. This light continued to radiate like this. This was everyone’s spiritual state at the time. They saw that the Buddha was seated magnificently with the 32 Marks, emitting that [light] that led everyone’s minds to give rise to respect and love. Was the Buddha still going to continue teaching? When would He emerge from Samadhi? No one could bear to leave; all remained seated there. But there was doubt in everyone’s minds. After the Buddha emerged from Samadhi, what Dharma He would teach? Everyone’s minds were captivated, so they could not bear to leave. But their minds still gave rise to doubts, wondering if the Buddha still had more Dharma, that He had not yet finished teaching. They thought the Buddha must still have more Dharma He wanted to teach.

So, everyone had this question in their minds. Thus they asked each other, “Will the Buddha continue to teach the Dharma?” “Will He?” “I do not know, either.” “It seems the Buddha has not finished teaching.” It went on like this for a long time. Manjusri and Maitreya [were present]. Maitreya Bodhisattva represented those who had doubts and went to ask Manjusri Bodhisattva. This is in the Introductory Chapter. Manjusri Bodhisattva and Maitreya Bodhisattva spoke in verse to each other. This also took a very long period of time. They spoke of [the last] Sun-Moon-Lamp Radiant Buddha, who existed a very, very long time ago. In His place of enlightenment, there were likewise eight princes. During that time, those passages of the sutra were also very long. The Buddha still remained in Samadhi. When the Buddha finally emerged from Samadhi, He began to teach to everyone again. This was the beginning of the Chapter on Skillful Mean.

So in the Lotus Sutra’s Chapter on Skillful Mean, there is also this passage that states, “The reason the Tathagata appears is to teach Buddha-wisdom.” This is in the Chapter on Skillful Means. The Buddha first appeared in this world for one great cause. This one great cause was to teach the Buddha-wisdom. The Buddha-wisdom is so great, so profound and so broad. In the Chapter on Skillful Mean, He used so many analogies to describe the Buddha’ wisdom. In speaking of the Buddha’s wisdom. He wanted all to have deep faith and acceptance. Everyone should believe that the Buddha’s wisdom is very profound and hard to fathom. It truly is so profound it is difficult to fathom. The Dharma is deep and so broad that it has no boundaries. He spoke of all the kind of Buddha-wisdom, but no one could understand Him. So, the Buddha used skillful means and analogies to describe how profound, broad and great the Buddha’s wisdom was. It is supreme and unsurpassed. He wanted all, from the bottom of their hearts, to give rise to faith and to respect the Buddha-wisdom.

At this time, everyone still could not understand the deep and extensive wisdom of the Buddha. He had the wisdom of all Dharma, natural wisdom, wisdom of all paths and many other kinds. The wisdom He had accumulated on His long path [was great] but everyone was unable to comprehend it. This is just like worldly matter. How can all worldly matters be fully explained? The world that He understood, with all its suffering, [came from] the afflictions people create in their interpersonal relationships. The Buddha understood that the formation of afflictions leads to different kinds of causes and conditions. “With such causes, there are such conditions.” Even to just explain to everyone “such causes,” the afflictions that arise in people’s minds, these seeds that are the source, even to fully explain “such causes,” there are so many different kinds. It is with “such causes” that there will be “such conditions” in interpersonal relationships. With so many kinds of causes and conditions, how cold He explain them all? What analogies cold He use? There was such a wide range. The Buddha used analogies and skillful means to explain them. After so much explanation, can we understand? We listen and we know, but do we understand? We understand half of it. With such causes and conditions, there are such effects and retributions. With such a cause, the result created will be such. Whether positive or negative causes, they attract conditions to bring this effect to fruition. Do you understand? We know it, but still do not yet thoroughly understand. “I will teach you again. Because of this effect, this is the kind of retribution you experience.” There are so many different kinds of live. Every person’s living conditions are different. From the time we were born, through our adulthood, our environments undergo change, impermanence; these are the conditions under which we grow up.

We often hear, “In the past, our family life was so difficult. In that era my father and mother had to suffer such hardship and work so hard.” Just these stories of “When I was growing up…” are too many to listen to. Everyone has different conditions. Some people had very good family situations, but their life now has gone through changes, all the way up to today. When we talk about the past, every person and every family has their own causes, conditions and effects that they experience. Each person has a family of their own. How many brothers do they have? Each of the brothers may come from the same family and be born of the same parents. However, once they each grow up, each of them creates a career and a life. They establish a career and a family different from the other. This is like when we plant a seed and it bears many fruits. In different environments and locations, those same fruits will grow in different ways. Some fruits will be good, some will not. Some fruits will be abundant. Other fruits will be withered and so on. This is like how each person is different.

So in life, we can explain things with causes and conditions, causes and effects, effects and retributions. This law of karmic cause and effect is so bright and clear in the Buddha’s mind. But for Him to help so many people to gain an understanding of this was truly not easy! No matter how clear the Dharma was to the Buddha, or how clearly He explained it to everyone, the more profound the Dharma was, the harder it was for people to understand. So, we say, “Only the one who drinks the water knows if it is hot or cold”. When the Buddha drinks this cup of water, He cannot have everyone experience the water He drank. The Buddha can only know Himself that this water is sweet or bitter or astringent. Only the Buddha Himself know this. After determining the taste, He can tell everyone, “This cup of water is very sweet”. Everyone knows, “I am very thirsty; I want some water. I want to be able to drink this sweet water”. The Buddha is very willing. “You can drink this kind of water. Here, the water is in front of you. You can drink it”. But how big is the container we each use to hold this water to drink? How does it feel to drink this water? When you drink this same water, is it sufficient for your body’s functions? Is it too much or not enough? Or is the feeling when we drink it that it just pours through us to later be expelled? Or when we drink the water, does it have a beneficial effect on our body? Does it provide our body with the water that it needs to be healthy? It is the same when the Buddha comes to this world to provide so much Dharma-water for us. Is our body built to take in this amount of water? With this amount of water, do we have any particular feeling? When we drink this water, do we feel gratitude or joy as we drink? Or perhaps we do not feel anything at all. “Everyone was drinking, so I just drank with them. When it is time, I just drink; that is all”. There is no feeling or sensation. After drinking the water, we just give our body what it needs and it will quickly be expelled. We do not feel this water functioning in our body.

The Dharma is also like this. We are continually listening to the Dharma. We listen like this, and it passes by like this. We listen to it every day, but every day we are still unable to change our habitual tendencies. These are unenlightened beings’ inferior capacities. The Buddha was very mindful in coming to this world to teach the Buddha’s wisdom, hoping to share this wisdom with everyone. We all intrinsically have the same wisdom as the Buddha. Yet, we do not mindfully seek to experience it. When this wisdom connects with external states, we could take in the Dharma, but we do not make use of it. Thus, we continually linger in the state of unenlightened beings, linger in this state of not applying it. We have clearly absorbed the Dharma, but we do not put it into use. We do not apply it, the Buddha had to continually inspire us. So, He spent a long time teaching the Dharma. Now the conditions had matured. The causes and conditions were already mature, and the time had already come. There was not much time left.

So, He had to “teach the boundless Buddha-wisdom”. He clearly knew that sentient beings were still unable to accept it; though He wanted to inspire them to form great aspirations and make great vows, they were still unable to accept it. But He had no choice but to teach. Time kept passing by like this, so He had to teach it now. Thus, He had to “teach boundless Buddha-wisdom”. The causes and conditions had already arrived; He had to teach it. The Buddha’s wisdom still had to be taught. So, the Chapter on Skillful Means continually revolves around how profound, broad and extensive the Buddha’s wisdom was. This is all how the Buddha [taught] mindfully. Unfortunately, the Chapter on Skillful Means was so very profound that even the great disciples by the Buddha’s side were all unable to understand. So, this is why the Lotus Sutra is so long. The Lotus Sutra has 28 chapters. The second chapter is called the Chapter on Skillful Means.

In the 28 chapters of the Lotus Sutra, the name of the second chapter teachers use the Three Vehicles are skillful means and the One Vehicle is the truth. Thus it is called Skillful Means.

The Chapter on Skillful Means “teaches us the Three Vehicles are skillful means”. It helps us analyze how, based on our capacities, the Buddha used various kinds of methods, used the Nine Divisions of Teachings. This was analyzed for us in detail to let us know that during the Agama period, He gave teachings of causes and conditions to help everyone understand where the source of suffering comes from. Everyone understands what suffering is. We have often discussed this. Having said it so often, has everyone taken it in? How much does everyone understand about suffering? What are the causes and conditions that create suffering? There are many people suffering in today’s society. With these suffering people, those seen in poverty and hardship, Tzu Chi volunteers witness suffering and recognize their blessings. After seeing this, they change themselves. Previously we were wasteful; now we repent. We see people who are so poor. Previously we were undisciplined; now we repent. We have wasted time, idling it away. When we see people with physical disabilities for whom getting even a glass of water close by is very difficult, [we realize] how painful their lives are. Our arms and legs are in good condition and our body is healthy, so why do we waste so much time like this? We begin to form aspirations, joining Tzu Chi and walking the Bodhisattva-path. With similar cases, with all kinds of suffering, in our interpersonal interactions, we can see and feel these obvious appearances. These awaken our aspirations.

However, there is more subtle and intricate Dharma as well. We past causes and conditions did this person have in order to be born into this life? As we hear him describe his describe his situation, we see that these kinds of causes in this life turned into these kinds of effects. But it is not just a matter of his causes and effects in this life. In his past lifetimes, if there were no such causes and conditions, why would he be experiencing the effect of suffering today? His experience is his retribution. We cannot know this; we only that his present life is like this. We also do not know about our own past. However, in this life, we have the causes and conditions to come into contact with those who suffer. Since we understand and awaken our aspirations, then we must mindfully take action right away. This is what the Buddha wants us to recognize. With these past teachings, we must recognize “suffering” and must understand “causation”. We must have a method to eliminate all these different kinds of suffering. We can do so only by immediately forming more good affinities and creating blessed karma. When we can transform our minds, with the many [afflictions] we accumulated both in the past and now, we must open up our hearts and turn negative affinities into positive affinities. This is “cessation”. In the past, I would be unhappy upon seeing you and you would avoid me when you saw me. Now that I know, when I see you and you want to avoid me, I hurry up to catch you, take your hand and say to you, “I made a mistake before. Now let us talk over our past unpleasantness and be clear about it. I apologize to you. Let the past be in the past. Now we can be good friends.” In this way, we resolve our enmity. The unhappiness of the past is dissolved, and the knots in each of our minds are untangled. This is “cessation”. We eliminate all kinds of conditions of unhappiness that we mutually formed in the past and brought into future lifetimes. Now we know to learn from the Buddha’s teachings and understand the Dharma the Buddha taught us. “Cessation” must be achieved now among people; er cannot be apart from others. Even as we engage in spiritual practice ourselves and change ourselves, spiritual practice is inseparable from others; we cannot run away from them. If you run away, the resentment will still remain. Though we may not form more negative affinities in this life, those past affinities are not yet resolved. The same affinities are still there. These are dust-like [causes].

Over a long period of time, in future lifetimes, these causes will resurface. These causes are very fine and dust-like. When affinities entangle us again, we again find ourselves in samsara and ignorance. The Buddha wants us to go among people. So now, from the Small and Middle Vehicles, He made a turn to enter the One True Vehicle. To do so, He had to go through skillful means. There was much we did not know in the past. Now we know. So, after we know, we must quickly put it into practice. the Buddha taught for a very long time. Those of average capabilities did not understand the Dharma taught earlier, but by the Chapter on Parables, they understood.

The Chapter on Parables: For people of average capabilities who had not awakened in the previous cycle of teaching the Dharma, the Buddha spoke of the three carts and one cart. His first promising the three carts was giving the provisional. His later bestowing the great cart equally was revealing the true. This is what the Chapter on Parables teaches with the Parable of the Burning House. This was a cycle to transform those of average capabilities.

Because Sariputra now understood everything, here the Buddha taught about the three carts. The burning house was very dangerous and [the elder] called everyone to quickly come out. It was a very dangerous place, and we needed to quickly leave. But everyone still did not understand. So, He used the method of enticing everyone; this is the skillful means of the three carts. Finally, He explained to everyone that among these three carts, the ox-cart was most grand and had many treasures inside. “If you enter the ox-cart, you will have everything you want. You will be able to attain everything.” Hearing this, everyone abandoned the sheep-cart and the deer-cart and went in the direction of the great white ox-cart. At first, He told them of the three carts, but in the end still encouraged everyone to go [choose] the great cart with abundant [treasures] inside. This is “revealing the true”.

In the Chapter on Parables, there is such abundant Dharma to help us understand. The teaching of the burning house is to show the karma created by future sentient beings. this was created in the past; the future of the Buddha’s era is our present time. The burning house was very dangerous, with flames in all four directions. There were still many people inside. They were playing inside, playing with fire. Isn’t our present time not like this?

On the evening of December 31, New Year’s Eve, people celebrated New Year’s until dawn. They were having fun and setting off fireworks. People clearly know that fireworks are not only expensive but also emit carbon and are very polluting. They clearly knew this. Even though they knew the global heads of state went to France to hold a Climate Summit, they still acted the same way. Several countries still displayed fireworks. In Taiwan, this is also the case. A firework display lasting for a moment costs so much money and creates so much carbon emissions. When the firework display was over, everyone wanted to go home. We saw from the news report, in Taipei alone, over three million people needed to go home via public transportation and so on, yet they could not get onboard. The vehicles had difficulty coming in and out; they were stuck there emitting carbon. Such a huge crowd amassed there. Think about it; is this not like playing with fire in the burning house? They clearly know, but still live like this. So, in the Buddha’s era, when He taught the analogy of the burning house, He was talking about our time now. He wanted to teach and transform those of average capabilities. Thus, He taught one cycle with the Chapter on Skillful Means and the Chapter on Parables. This whole cycle was meant to help everyone have understanding. But the only person who truly understood was Sariputra. So, the Buddha bestowed a prediction upon him. Everyone still remembers how in the Chapter on Faith and Understanding, because Sariputara had received predictions, there were four great disciples who saw that Sariputra had understood and had received the Buddha’s prediction.

The Chapter on Faith and Understanding: When people of average capabilities first heard the Dharma taught in the Chapter on Skillful Means, though they believed and accepted it humbly, they could not comprehend its meaning. The World-Honored One, in the previous Chapter on Parables, broadly drew the analogy of the three carts and the one cart to teach His intent of merging the Three to return to the One. Therefore Subhuti, Katyayana, Kasyapa and Maudgalyayana, these four great Hearers, began to comprehend His intent and, wanting to describe the intent they realized, told the Parable of the Elder and the Poor Son.

When people of average capabilities heard the teachings in the Chapter on Skillful Means, though they accepted it very humbly, though they had opened the doors of their hearts and fully accepted it, they were unable to awaken to its meaning. They just said, “We know, we know” In the Chapter on Skillful Means, the Buddha taught such expansive wisdom and continually asked everyone to believe in it. Although everyone was willing to believe, they still could not understand the Buddha’s intent. Just how transcendent was His wisdom? They could not understand.

So, this was the World-Honored One’s purpose. Everyone could not fully understand the previous teachings, so He had to use the Chapter on Parables. The Chapter on Parables used such extensive analogies, all the way until the analogy of the three carts. In the Chapter on Parables, He spoke of many poisonous beasts and so forth. Lastly, He concluded with the three carts. He thus taught very extensively, using many different styles of analogies. But when He got to the three carts, He merged the Three to return to One. He told everyone that the sheep-cart and deer-cart could only transport one person and there was nothing much inside them. So, it would be better to take the ox-cart. The ox-cart has many things inside. Thus, He enabled everyone to put aside the sheep-cart and deer-cart and be willing to accept the great white ox-cart. This was in the Chapter on Parables, up until the Chapter on Faith and Understanding. Everyone already had a partial understanding, but Sariputra received a prediction. So, the four disciples finally went a step further in understanding. They were willing to have faith and understanding, so they needed to go deeper. Thus, they made the analogy of how they were like the poor son. Everyone should still remember these four. They were Subhuti, Katyayana, Kasyapa and Maudgalyayana. These four great Hearers had already begun to awaken; they awakened to the meaning contained within. So, they recounted their process of awakening. It had been such a long time, and time causes people to age. They were already old themselves. They had been doing this for a long time and had already grown old in years. At this time, they were like the poor son. They made the analogy of being like the poor son. The Chapter on Faith and Understanding was completed in this way. The Buddha is like a great elder who patiently guided and led them in, helping them to understand. Everyone has so much wealth to begin with. Everyone has the nature of True Suchness. Everyone has this. Now, everyone had already understood this. Everything we just talked about was describing [the sutra] for everyone again in the hope that as everyone has heard the Dharma up to this point, you are able to understand. After the Chapter on Faith and Understanding and the Chapter on Medicinal Plants, now we already come to the Chapter on the Parable of the Conjured City. We must not merely listen and then forget; we cannot do this. We must put effort into being mindful and continually think back on the past [chapters]. In these 28 chapters, with everything we have heard up to this point, we can realize how mindful the Buddha is. With these urgent causes and conditions, He wants to quickly guide us onto the great Bodhi-path. If we are not earnestly mindful in accepting it, we are listening to the teachings in vain, and they were taught in vain. So, everyone must put effort into being mindful.

The previous sutra passage says, “Thus with the power of skillful means, I expound Nirvana, for them to rest. I say to you that all of your sufferings have been eliminated and the things you must do have all been done. Since I know they have reached Nirvana and have all attained Arhatship, I will thus gather the assembly to teach the true Dharma.”

This was what He did in the past. He used various skillful means to entice them. Throughout this period of time, everyone had already accepted the Dharma. They had also put in the effort they needed to. But, upon attaining Arhatship, everyone felt content with this. Though everyone was filled with the Dharma, as I mentioned earlier, if we do not clear away enmities and entanglements, even if we are willing to repent, the other person will just turn away if he sees us. This is because this person still has these knots in his mind. Though we now know to repent, we have not expressed ourselves, so, this entanglement still remains. If we again encounter this person one day, with a slight misstep, again these kinds of entanglements will still return. Our “One deluded thought creates the Three Subtleties. External states lead to the Six Coarse Marks” so we are dragged away again. This is not the ultimate. So, the Buddha quickly gathered everyone together. The causes and conditions had matured, so He wanted to quickly “teach the true Dharma” to everyone. So, this is not like the sheep-cart or deer-cart where once we get it we can just enjoy yourself. We should choose the great white ox-cart, which has so many treasures inside. As said in the Chapter on Faith and Understanding, we are not poor; we are very wealthy. It is just that we have lost our way. Now we must quickly return. This wealth is still ours. It was ours to begin with. This is what He told us. So, we should know that we have everything. Since we have everything, we must quickly go among people to transform sentient beings and walk the Bodhisattva-path. This was the Buddha’s intent and purpose.

The next sutra passage says, “All Buddhas, with the power of skillful means, teach the Three Vehicles separately, but there is only the One Buddha Vehicle. For you to have a place to rest, I taught the Two Vehicles. Now I teach you the true. What you have attained is not extinction. For the Buddha’s all-encompassing wisdom, you must form great aspirations and be diligent.”

If we want to understand the Buddha’s wisdom, we must quickly advance Diligently. In the past, all Buddhas have transformed sentient beings. As sentient beings are lost, all Buddhas share the same path and likewise use the power of skillful means to teach the Three Vehicles separately. In this way, all Buddhas are the same. Actually, Their goal is to teach the One Vehicle, but we are unable to understand it. So, They had to teach it in three stages. “There is only the One Buddha Vehicle. For you to [to rest,] I taught the Two Vehicles.”

There is only the One Buddha Vehicle. For you to have a place to rest, I taught the Two Vehicles: Actually there is only the wondrous One Buddha Vehicle. For them to rest away their tiredness, He taught that there is Great and Small. This is what it said previously: To let them stop and rest, He taught the two kinds of Nirvana.

There is only the One Buddha Vehicle. To be able to attain Buddhahood and have wisdom equal to the Buddha’s, we must pass through [this path] and head in the direction of the One Buddha Vehicle. We must not just be Hearers and Solitary Realizers. That is simply a place for us to rest. We must quickly continue to press forward. Actually, there is only one wondrous Buddha Vehicle. Truly, the Buddha-Dharma is only the one wondrous Buddha Vehicle. It is because everyone became lax and weary that He made a conjured city to teach the Dharma. Since we all have different capacities, He had to use this kind of method. Thus previously it said, “To let them stop and rest, He taught the two kinds of Nirvana.” We discussed this before. “Now I teach you the true. What you have attained is not extinction.”

Now I teach you the true. What you have attained is not extinction: Now the Buddha taught them the true path. What you attained in the past is the fruit of Arhatship. This was merely giving provisional teachings; it is not true extinction.

“Now, I want to speak frankly to you all. You Hearers attained the fruit of Arhatship. By hearing, the Dharma entered your mind and you engaged in practice to realize Arhatship. This is not the true [vehicle]. I will tell you frankly. There is still a ways to go. There is still more path for us to walk before we get to the end.” So, now the Buddha taught them the true path. Now the Buddha taught them the true Dharma. “What you attained in the past is the fruit of Arhatship. This was merely giving provisional teachings.” This was simply giving the provisional. He had used the provisional, used skillful means. This “ is not true extinction”; it is not true. The Dharma of true liberation is to help everyone to resolve enmity and entanglements, to be without enmity, resentment or hatred. Everyone must mutually eliminate all afflictions, ignorance and dust-like [delusions]. Even the finest of these must be eliminated. So, “For the Buddha’s all-encompassing wisdom, you must form great aspirations and be diligent.” In order to seek all-encompassing wisdom, everyone must quickly make vows and be diligent. We must not slow ourselves down with small steps, taking our time with small steps. If you say you want to change, “Alright, I will take my time.” If you take your time, you will lose the chance. While you slowly take your time, time quickly passes. With time passing so quickly, how can we take our time? So, “For the Buddha’s all-encompassing wisdom, you must form great aspirations and be diligent.” To truly have wisdom equal to the Buddha’s, the only way is for us to form great aspirations. This is already clearly explaining to everyone that we must form great aspirations to go among people where there is still enmity and [good] affinities. If we have affinities with someone, we must quickly transmit the Dharma to them; As for enmity, we must quickly resolve enmity and entanglements. In this way, we are truly engaging in spiritual practice and are truly equal to the state of the Buddha. I wonder if everyone can understand this? Everyone, please understand that we must always be mindful.

(Source: Da Ai TV – Wisdom at Dawn program – Explanation by Master Chen-Yen)
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